D1.1 - Report on policies in foresight in OO

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
EMB

Publication Date:
07/2020

Executive Summary

Foresight serves to look into the future and investigate the actions needed to achieve it. This report captures the major foresight initiatives and documents relevant for European ocean observation and forecasting. The document starts with an introduction that defines foresight and the scope of the report (chapter 1).  It highlights more than 120 initiatives, strategies and roadmaps that contribute to foresight in ocean observation internationally (chapter 2.1), at the scale of Europe (chapter 2.2), and regionally at the sea basin scale (chapter 2.3). The document ends with some final remarks and opportunities (chapter 3).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.1

D1.2 - Map of BioEco Observing networks/capability

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
IOC/UNESCO

Publication Date:
02/2021

Executive Summary

This report maps the current state of the sustained ocean observing networks that monitor biological Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), such as phytoplankton, microbes, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fish, birds, marine mammals, turtles, seagrass, macroalgae, hard coral and mangroves across Europe. To date, 363 marine monitoring programs have been identified across 29 European countries. This initial inventory of the sustained biological ocean observing system across Europe, will be developed into an online tool and the networks strengthened through action in EuroSea. Based on the monitoring programs identified, a workshop will be organised in 2021 to develop observation strategies, data sharing practises, and best practises and standards to strengthen and develop these vital ocean observing networks.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.2

D1.3 - Report of OBPS Community meeting

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
IOC/UNESCO

Publication Date:
04/2021

Executive Summary

The 4th Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices Workshop was held online during the period 17-30 September 2020, addressing ocean community needs for advanced method development and implementation in ocean observations, data management and applications.

By participating in selected Best Practice Workshop sessions which included European programmes and infrastructures, EuroSea facilitated the development of new best practice (BP) documents and the inclusion of BP documents issued by the project within the OBPS. In addition, and through the workshop, a community-approved BP template has been created with enhanced metadata profiles for BPs that support societal applications (e.g. MFSD, SDG indicators) to be identified within the repository, using global ontologies.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.3

D1.4 - Report on European BioEco networks

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
IOC/UNESCO

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

This report provides updates to D1.2 ‘Map the current state of biological observations in Europe” that monitor Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs). In the original submission, we identified 363 marine monitoring programs across 29 European countries that monitor phytoplankton, microbes, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fish, birds, marine mammals, turtles, seagrass, macroalgae, and hard coral. In this report, we have updated our catalogue to 532 monitoring programmes. We also undertook two workshops and produced one review article. The first workshop on macroalgae included discussions on the status of the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the different survey methods, as well as presentations by leading researchers, data managers/coordinators and representatives from the Directorate-General Marine Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) of the European Commission (EC).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.4

D1.5 - Marine Plastics EOV and common sampling protocol

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
IO PAN

Publication Date:
04/2022

Executive Summary

This deliverable report describes the process of establishing global coordination for sustained observations of marine plastics debris as a new type of Essential Ocean Variable (EOV) which is the first in a new class of EOVs which help the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) address the need to monitor human impacts on the ocean as mandated by the GOOS 2030 Strategy. In this document we report on the EuroSea efforts to implement a community vision for an Integrated Marine Debris Observing System (IMDOS) as a new element of the GOOS, following EuroSea’s Action Plan for establishing global coordination of marine plastics debris observations which was published as a milestone report in the beginning stages of the project.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.5

D1.6 - Maps and metrics on observing systems and metadata

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
IOC/UNESCO

Publication Date:
05/2022

Executive Summary

Europe is not equipped yet with a tool able to deliver a complete and accurate view of the status of the Ocean Observing System (OOS) in its seas. This is one of the main conclusions of this report focusing on “Maps and metrics on observing systems and metadata” delivered in the framework of the Work Package 1 in the framework of the EuroSea H2020 project.

Nevertheless, Europe has at its disposal, some useful and efficient tools often used to monitor pieces of the OOS from the operation at sea to the ocean data uptake. EMODNET Physics, Copernicus marine in situ and OceanOPS are the key players in this field, working together since a long time to continuously improve and monitor the services they are providing to the European Ocean Observing community.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.6

D1.7 - Report on the use of legal frameworks for OOSS

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
02/2023

Executive Summary

The issue

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) requires coastal States to give consent to other States to conduct marine scientific research (including ocean observations) on their continental shelves or in their exclusive economic zones (UNCLOS, Art. 246(2)). Under normal circumstances, coastal States should give their consent to marine scientific research as long as the application is made at least six months in advance, and make sure to ´establish rules and procedures ensuring that such consent will not be delayed or denied unreasonably´ (UNCLOS, Art. 246(3)). However, some of the global ocean observing networks under GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) have reported issues that suggest that the current legal framework is not compatible with the operational reality of ocean observing and the digital age we live in. In addition, the data are no longer only used for science but also to provide sustained information for direct societal benefit (such as forecasting extreme weather). Moreover, new technologies lead to forms of ocean observing that were not possible at the time when the rules came into being and thus the rules are outdated. The European Union (EU), as a regional agreement an ideal test bed for addressing this, could propose simplified procedures for obtaining consent for one EU Member State willing to conduct research in the exclusive economic zone of another, or create a notification scheme, such as the one currently used for the Argo Programme.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.7

D1.8 - Final Report of EOOS Implementation Plan

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
IOC/UNESCO & EuroGOOS (Co-Lead)

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

EuroSea brought together key European actors of ocean observation and forecasting with key end users of the ocean observations’ products and services to better integrate existing ocean observation systems and tools, and to bring the coordination to a higher level. The EuroSea WP1 “Governance and coordination of ocean observing and forecasting systems”, in particular, aimed to strengthen the interactions between regional, national, and international observing systems and support the development of a European coordinated system through the Framework of the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS). During the project, the challenges and gaps in the design and coordination of the European ocean observing and forecasting system were identified and mapped. Many gaps and challenges related to the observations of physical, chemical and biological Essential Ocean Variables were identified. Some of these gaps are related to technological advancements, while others are caused by insufficient funding, coordination, management, and cooperation between different entities, as well as limitations in foresight activities, policies and decisions. To enhance the sustainability of European ocean observations, several recommendations were compiled for networks, frameworks, initiatives, Member States, and the European Commission.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.8

D1.9 - Report on gaps in the European Ocean Observing and Forecasting System

Work Package:
WP1

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
11/2023

Executive Summary

The European Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (EOOFS) plays a pivotal role in understanding, monitoring, forecasting, and managing the complex dynamics and resources of Europe’s Seas. It serves as a critical interdisciplinary system for addressing a myriad of challenges, from climate change impacts to marine resources management. However, to ensure its continued effectiveness, it is essential to identify and address the gaps within this system and provide actionable recommendations for improvements at short- and longterm. Therefore, this document serves as a baseline that can guide the funders and supporters of the EOOFS, as well as the various stakeholders directly or indirectly related to the EOOFS, towards the gaps that hinder better monitoring and prediction of various ocean phenomena, along the ocean observing value chain.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.9

D2.1 - Design of the OSSEs with multi-platform in situ data and impact on fine-scale structures

Work Package:
WP2

Lead Beneficary:
CSIC

Publication Date:
10/2020

Executive Summary

Deliverable 2.1 provides a detailed description of the design of the Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) planned to be conducted in Task 2.3 of the EuroSea project. The objective of these OSSEs is to improve the design of multi-platform experiments aimed to validate the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite observations with the goal to optimize the utility of these observing platforms. The SWOT mission will be launched in 2022 and is considered a big breakthrough in Earth observation as it is expected to have a spatial resolution one order of magnitude higher than present altimeter.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.1

D2.2 - Analysis of the physical and BGC design experiments

Work Package:
WP2

Lead Beneficary:
MOI

Publication Date:
03/2022

Executive Summary

The task objective is to assess the role of the in situ networks and their future extension at improving the accuracy of future global CMEMS physical and BGC analysis and forecasting system.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.2

D2.3 - Analysis of the OSSEs with multi-platform in situ data and impact on fine-scale structures

Work Package:
WP2

Lead Beneficary:
CSIC

Publication Date:
07/2022

Executive Summary

Deliverable 2.3 describes the study developed in Task 2.3 of the EuroSea project. It includes recommendations for the design of in situ experiments aimed to reconstruct fine-scale ocean currents (~20 km), such as those that will be conducted to validate SWOT satellite observations. An advanced version of the spatial optimal interpolation used in field experiments, which also includes the temporal variability of the observations, has been applied to evaluate different sampling strategies.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.3

D2.4 - Development of targeted indicators and their uncertainties for demonstrators and Forecasts

Work Package:
WP2

Lead Beneficary:
ENS

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

Indicators can provide information to guide sustainable management. They are necessary for regular reporting on the state of the ocean, its variability and change. Indicators can also be used to identify knowledge gaps and observing system gaps that limit our capacity to respond to society’s needs for ocean information and thus serve as useful guides to prioritize investments in the observing system. They are also key communication tools for the general public, enhancing ocean literacy and the engagement of citizens in the global effort. Indicators can apply both to the state of the marine environment and to considerations of performance against environmental targets and/or limits in a defined geographical area. In order to guide management, indicators should be set within a reference framework and hierarchies of indicators can provide coordinated support.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.4

D3.1 - Data Management plan

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
IFREMER

Publication Date:
05/2020

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project Data Management Plan (DMP) is building upon the existing European marine data Infrastructures (i.e. European Global Ocean Observing System – EuroGOOS, Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service – CMEMS, European Marine Observation and Data network – EMODnet) that have been developed and enhanced in the past decades. Since their establishment, the EuroGOOS and the SeaDataNet network of National Oceanographic Data Centers have widely contributed to International Oceanographic Data Exchange and more in general to GOOS policies in sharing ocean data and co-production of oceanographic services. Moreover, they have widely contributed to design and set up the operational data infrastructures of the CMEMS and EMODnet data systems, which, mimicking the international organization and management of the observations network, are often organised by observing platform (i.e.: Argo, gliders, Research vessels, fixed point observatories …).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.1

D3.2 - Observing Networks initial Assessment

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
10/2020

Executive Summary

This Deliverable serves to present the initial situation, in terms of coordination, of the observation and thematic networks in EuroSea represented in work package 3 (WP3). The networks include the networks represented in EuroGOOS and additional ones. The study is based on a comprehensive questionnaire that was answered by all EuroSea WP3 tasks. In addition, information from the Global Observing Networks of GOOS was considered. An important basis for the questionnaire was the list of “Network Attributes, Commitment and Benefits – What it means to be an OCG (Observation System Coordination Group) network” of GOOS. This deliverable is linked to the deliverable D3.10 that will repeat the assessment at the end of the EuroSea project to assess the evolution of the coordination over the period of the EuroSea project.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.2

D3.3 - New tide gauge data flow strategy

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
Puertos del Estado

Publication Date:
03/2021

Executive Summary

Coastal sea level has been traditionally measured by tide gauge networks operated by diverse types of institutions. Essential for understanding oceanographic processes at different spatial and temporal scales, tide gauges are used or operated by different stakeholders and scientists for a wide range of applications: research (climate change, ocean circulation, extremes), sea level related hazards (storm surges, meteotsunami and tsunami) warning systems, tidal predictions, port operations or datum definitions for national or state boundaries.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.3

D3.4 - HF-Radar Governance

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
AZTI

Publication Date:
05/2021

Executive Summary

This document advocates an approach for developing a European High Frequency Radar (HFR) network governance, based on the requirements of the community.

The proposed governance and operating structures employed will:

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.4

D3.5 - ASV-Network structure and roadmap

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
PLOCAN

Publication Date:
11/2021

Executive Summary

In-situ observations provide key information about the Ocean environment – its physical, biogeochemical, geological and ecological characteristics. To ensure the long-term stability of ocean information, the totality of the underlying in-situ ocean-observing system, comprising networks of different observing platforms and sensors, needs to be recognized as a critical global infrastructure.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.5

D3.6 - Sensor implementation on Eulerian Obs.

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
SU

Publication Date:
04/2022

Executive Summary

The ability of fixed platforms to accurately measure CO2 variables in a changing ocean is critical today. Thanks to technological advances we can now observe long-term pH variability. In this deliverable we have tested and validated the integration of a pH sensor (Seabird) adopted by the BGC-ARGO community on a site in the Ligurian Sea which benefits from a monthly sampling allowing to validate the quality of the data. The data obtained over 5 months have demonstrated the robustness of the sensor and the good accuracy compared to in situ measurements.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.6

D3.7 - WP3 network harmonization recommendations

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
IFREMER

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

This document proposes recommendations on metadata and information to be associated with marine data from ocean observation networks. The objective is to reach a common basis of metadata and information for any in situ networks that will ease the interoperability and their integration in the various European data integrators such as Copernicus marine, EMODnet or SeaDataNet while being in line with what has been done at international level. Proposed recommendations are built from previous work through projects, different initiatives and thanks to EuroGOOS and the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.7

D3.8 - EuroSea Strategic vision

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
SOCIB

Publication Date:
03/2023

Executive Summary

The present work addresses the need for a more integrated approach in ocean observing in order to achieve truly integrated global and regional ocean observing systems. This work is a contribution to the implementation of the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS), a much-needed step forward in Europe, following the international guidance of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.8

D3.9 - Glider network, European coordination

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
CNRS

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

This report describes the overall European glider network activities done during the EuroSea project that have contributed to its reinforcement. We report on coordination actions held in that context: (i) in terms of global coordination, (ii) for the setup of an OceanGliders GitHub community and the establishment of Best Practices and format, (iii) to establish connections with other EU projects and EuroSea work packages, (iv) on network capacity development and (v) on communication. The report gives an overview of the glider network’s current situation, demonstrates the great achievements made by the glider network thanks to the EuroSea project and points out future priorities for further development of our network.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.9

D3.10 - Gliders metadata

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
WMO

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

Management of metadata is a central piece of the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS). This document reports on the progress made on this topic for the European glider network and how this effort led by the European community is impacting the international program OceanGliders.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.10

D3.11 - Eulerian Best Practices

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
SU, EMSO, OceanSITES, DBCP & EuroGOOS TT

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

This best practice is based on variables generated by Eulerian platforms following the approaches of other global observing networks and programs (GO-SHIP, OceanGliders, etc.). This report includes recommendations on existing sensors, maintenance procedure and data processing for better data quality. It covers different types of variables provided by Eulerian platforms from the surface to the seafloor (physical, biogeochemical and geophysical).

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.11

D3.12 - Eulerian metadata catalogue

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
SU

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

The joint WMO-IOC in situ Ocean Observing System Monitoring and Coordination Centre (OceanOPS, formerly JCOMMOPS) was mandated by the observations coordination group of the Global Ocean Observing System (OCG/GOOS) to maintain and manage metadata of OCG networks. Globally OceanOPS needs to make progress on the monitoring of GOOS Eulerian elements. Thus,

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.12

D3.13 - EuroSea data handbook

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
IFREMER

Publication Date:
05/2023

Executive Summary

This handbook has been written in complementarity of the deliverable D3.7 “networks harmonisation recommendations”. Its aim is to be useful to observing network experts and data integrators such as EMODnet, Copernicus Marine Service or SeaDataNet to, on both sides, ease visibility, ingestion procedures and improve Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability (FAIR). An additional objective is to help marine data users to find their way around the various ocean observing networks.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.13

D3.14 - HF-Radar Tools

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
AZTI

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project brings together key European actors of ocean observation and forecasting with key end users of ocean observations, responding to the Future of the Seas and Oceans Flagship Initiative. The present deliverable summarizes the innovative tools developed by EuroGOOS High Frequency Radar Task Team, to support the HF Radar community, as part of the “Task 3.6 HF Radar”.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.14

D3.15 - Tide gauge metadata catalogue

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
05/2023

Executive Summary

Led by the EuroGOOS Tide Gauge Task Team, and part-funded by the H2020 EuroSea project, an online live, managed tide gauge metadata catalogue for all permanent tide gauges along European and adjacent coastlines is now in version 1.0 of its development. This Tide Gauge Metadata Inventory was designed to address inconsistencies and omissions in metadata across European tide gauge data portals, enabling tide gauge operators to populate a single centralised tide gauge inventory with comprehensive metadata, which can then be accessed by data portals and data aggregators to standardise their own metadata records.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.15

D3.16 - Euro-Argo updated strategy

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
EURO-ARGO ERIC

Publication Date:
08/2023

Executive Summary

The Euro-Argo programme, coordinated by Euro-Argo ERIC, represents the European contribution to the Argo international programme, a major component of both the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.16

D3.17 - EuroSea data integration

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
IFREMER

Publication Date:
08/2023

Executive Summary

This D3.17 “Data Integration” deliverable has been written in complementarity of the deliverables D3.13 “Data handbook” and D3.7 “Networks harmonisation recommendations”. It has been primarily written with the aim to be useful for users, looking for in situ data or datasets, in their choice of data infrastructures (CMEMS – Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service – EMODnet – European Marine Observation and Data network – and SeaDataNet) best suited to their needs.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.17

D3.18 - Observing Networks final Assessment

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
HCMR

Publication Date:
07/2023

Executive Summary

This deliverable presents the Final Assessment of the observation and thematic networks as those represented in work package 3 of EuroSea, taking as a reference the information on Deliverable 3.2 Observing Network Initial Assessment. Following the same approach with D3.2 the original questionnaire was modified accordingly in order to depict the progress made on the same Network Attributes, Commitments and Benefits following the GOOS, OCG guidelines.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.18

D3.19 - Omics community protocols

Work Package:
WP3

Lead Beneficary:
SZN

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

The aim of the WP3 “Network Integration and Improvements” is to coordinate and enhance key aspects of integration of European observing technology (and related data flows) for its use in the context of international ocean monitoring activities. One of the dimensions of the integrations is the constitution of thematic networks, that is, networks whose aim is to address specific observational challenges and thus to favor innovation, innovation that will ultimately support the Blue economy.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.19

D4.1 - Design of experiments (global/IBI)

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
MOI

Publication Date:
11/2021

Executive Summary

The accuracy of the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) ocean analysis and forecasts are highly dependent of the availability and quality of observations to be assimilated. In situ observations are complementary to satellite observations that are restricted to the ocean surface. Higher resolution forecast model and improved observation coverage are needed to better fit the users of the CMEMS global and regional ocean analysis and forecasts.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.1

D4.2 - Design of the glider assimilation experiments

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
CMCC

Publication Date:
10/2021

Executive Summary

This document presents preparations and experiment design strategy to assess the impact of glider observations on the MED-MFC and WMOP analysis and forecasting systems of the Mediterranean Sea. An extensive investigation has been carried out on different repositories providing glider observations. A special attention has been paid for the Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) repository managed by CMEMS in situ Thematic Assembly Center (TAC). Because the CMEMS Marine Forecasting Centers (MFCs) rely on the observational datasets provided by CMEMS TACs for their assimilation systems.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.2

D4.3 - Derive observable ocean climate indicators from seasonal forecast

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
ECMWF

Publication Date:
11/2021

Executive Summary

A set of 43 area-averaged indicators of ocean variables for monitoring and forecasting was defined earlier in the project (Milestone 7). These indicators target five sectorial applications: i) seasonal forecasts of weather statistics (SF); ii) Climate Variability and Change (CVC); ii) Coastal Sea Level Rise (CSL); iv) Marine Health (MH) and v) Marine Productivity (MP). The 43 EuroSea indicators have been derived from state-of-the-art datasets of Essential Ocean/Climate Variables (EOVs/ECVs). These are monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) from the Copernicus Climate Chance Service (C3S) and upper 300m ocean heat content (OHC) from Copernicus Marine Environmental Service (CMEMS) Global ocean Reanalysis Ensemble Products (GREP). The EOVs/ECVs indicators show potential for climate monitoring of changes in upwelling areas and regional sea level rise. Indicators such as these are also used to verify the skill of seasonal forecasts.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.3

D4.4 - Quality-control procedures for ship-board biogeochemical time series data

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
UiB

Publication Date:
05/2022

Executive Summary

This framework will be incorporated into a time-series (TS) data synthesis product. The framework will be used to indicate the consistency of biogeochemical (BGC) time-series data between different ship-based time-series sites. It differentiates between three different “consistency categories”: 1) Metadata Availability, 2) Measurement and Analyzing Techniques and 3) Applied Quality-Control (QC). For each of these categories, a flagging scheme will be implemented based upon pre-defined “consistency criteria”. All data consistency flags combined provide a comprehensive and easy to understand indication of the degree of consistency of the incorporated time-series data.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.4

D4.5 - Synthesis of satellite validation results

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
CLS

Publication Date:
11/2022

Executive Summary

This report presents the results of Task 4.4 on “Improving the use of in situ observations for the long-term validation of satellite observations”.

In situ observations are essential for the calibration and validation of satellite observations. Calibration activities organized by satellite agencies rely on dedicated instrumentation, whereas validation activities rely on the global ocean observing system. Task 4.4 demonstrate the potential of emerging in-situ networks for satellite validation activities and there are important links with the other tasks of WP4.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.5

D4.6 - Skill assessment of ECV/EOV from seasonal forecast

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
ECMWF

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

The availability of consistent and sufficiently long observational records of ocean variables has allowed, for the first time, the assessment of the spatial distribution of the skill of ocean variables from seasonal forecasts. Three ocean state-of-the-art records of Essential Ocean/Climate Variables (EOVs/ECVs) have been used as verification datasets: sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA) from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and upper 300m ocean heat content (OHC) from the Copernicus Marine Environmental Service (CMEMS) Global ocean Reanalysis Ensemble Products (GREP). Seasonal means of these records for the period 1993-2016 have been used to quantify the spatial distribution of the skill, up to 2 seasons ahead, of the ensemble of ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and CMCC (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici) seasonal forecasts contributing to C3S.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.6

D4.7 - SOCAT Quality Control (QC) procedures

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
UiB

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with annual updates. SOCAT aims to provide data with the highest possible quality for carbon data – consistent quality control (QC) is essential in achieving this primary goal of SOCAT. Currently there are various steps of quality control, and within this task of EuroSea we aimed to develop an operational implementation of QC as a showcase for data within SOCAT from the European Research Infrastructure Integrated Carbon Observing System.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.7

D4.8 - Assess impact of observations

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
MOI

Publication Date:
04/2023

Executive Summary

The accuracy of the Copernicus Marine Environment and Monitoring Service (CMEMS) ocean analysis and forecasts highly depend on the availability and quality of observations to be assimilated. In situ observations are complementary to satellite observations that are restricted to the ocean surface. Higher resolution model forecasts are required by users of the CMEMS global and regional ocean analysis and forecasts. To support this with an efficient observational constrain of the model forecast via data assimilation, an increase observation coverage is needed, associated with an improved usage of the available ocean observations. This work exploits the capabilities of operational systems to provide comprehensive information for the evolution of the GOOS.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.8

D4.9 - Intercomparison of glider assimilation in the different analysis and forecasting systems

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
SOCIB

Publication Date:
04/2023

Executive Summary

The present deliverable is a continuation of deliverable D4.21, in which we presented the first steps in the design and preparation of different reanalysis simulations assimilating glider data. We here show the assessment and intercomparison of CMCC MedFS and SOCIB WMOP systems experiments. We have performed, for each system, three different experiments, running a one-year simulation during 2017. We compare a free-run simulation without data assimilation (FREE) and two reanalyses including assimilation: one considering only the generic data sources included in each operational system (NOGLID) and another one adding glider observations to the previous dataset (GLIDER).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.9

D4.10 - Results of the BGC data assimilation

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
OGS

Publication Date:
04/2023

Executive Summary

This document presents the results of simulations that include glider profiles assimilation. Simulations are performed with the Marine Copernicus operational biogeochemical model system of the Mediterranean Sea. The deliverable shows that the assimilation of BGC-glider is feasible in the contest of biogeochemical operational systems and that it is built upon the experience of BGC-Argo float data assimilation. Different configuration of the assimilation of glider data have been tested to assess the impact of the physical and biogeochemical glider observations. The deliverable also describes the pre-processing activities of the BGC- glider data to provide qualified observations for the data assimilation and the cross validation of chlorophyll glider data with other sensors (ocean colour and BGC-Argo floats).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.10

D4.11 - Evaluation of Extreme Forecast Indices (WP5+6)

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
UNIBO

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

While originally developed for weather forecasting, the Extreme Forecast index (EFI) concept has found utility in diverse fields. This study marks the inaugural application of EFI principles to numerical ocean forecasting. EFI offers a metric to gauge the forecast’s deviation from historical norms specific to the location and time of year. A heightened EFI value signifies that the forecast falls beyond the usual range of variability, signifying a higher probability of extreme conditions.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.11

D4.12 - GLODAP Quality Control (QC) procedures

Work Package:
WP4

Lead Beneficary:
UiB

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort that provides high-quality, quality- controlled ocean biogeochemical bottle data with annual-updates, playing a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the Earth’s oceans and their complex biogeochemical processes. This deliverable covers the GLODAP annual updates under the EuroSea funding, as well as the automatization of the quality control process of the data. Under the EuroSea funding, GLODAP has received three updates (GLODAPv2.2020, GLODAPv2.2021 and GLODAPv2.2022) with a total number of 245 cruises added, and in addition, a new version release (GLODAPv3) is planned.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.12

D5.1 - Prototype sea level planning and scenario visualization tool

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
ARUP

Publication Date:
04/2021

Executive Summary

As part of Work Package (WP) 5, “Coastal resilience and operational services demonstrator”, task 5.1.3 “Data-driven modelling and visualization for sea level guidance”, aims to improve decision making for flood risk management in the coastal zone. The primary aim is to improve understanding of how the deep uncertainty over climate change induced sea level rise can impact decision making at the early stages of the process. The deliverable 5.1, “Prototype sea level planning and scenario visualization tool” has explored this problem and delivered a visualisation prototype. During project inception, the team identified that the core problem in making informed decisions with Sea Level Rise (SLR) was that the large variation in potential future scenarios was not considered due to the complexity of the processes and calculations required to translate each physical scenario into societal impacts; it did not get through to the economic decisions. The challenge therefore was to provide a full picture of the scientific predictions and associated uncertainty within the economic decision making framework.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.1

D5.2 - Mediterranean sea-level reconstruction spanning 1950-2017

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
NOC

Publication Date:
10/2021

Executive Summary

Sea-level change is geographically non-uniform, with regional departures that can reach several times the global average rate of change. Characterizing this spatial variability and understanding its causes is crucial to the design of adaptation strategies for sea-level rise. This, as it turns out, is no easy feat, primarily due to the sparseness of the observational sea-level record in time and space. Long tide gauge records are restricted to a few locations along the coast. Satellite altimetry offers a better spatial coverage but only since 1992. In the Mediterranean Sea, the tide gauge network is heavily biased towards the European shorelines, with only one record with at least 35 years of data on the African coasts. Past studies have attempted to address the difficulties related to this data sparseness in the Mediterranean Sea by combining the available tide gauge records with satellite altimetry observations.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.2

D5.3 - CMEMS downscaled circulation operational forecast system

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
CMCC

Publication Date:
10/2021

Executive Summary

This document explains in detail the set-up and implementation of two numerical high-resolution models for the test cases of Taranto and Barcelona, as expected in the EuroSea workplan. Both models are state of the art and have been carefully validated. The operating services resulting will be in the core of OSPAC product, the main deliverable of WP5.2.

The third pilot involved in the project, Alexandría, does not have models ready, since this port, quite unexpectedly, failed to obtain the internally required permits to work in the project. Nevertheless, this is not a concerning delay, since all methodologies are developed, and we are already working on the modelling work for the substitute port designated (Buenaventura, in Colombia). At this moment, locations in Colombia or Madagascar are being studied. Contacts with local authorities are established and a final decision will be made before the end of 2021.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.3

D5.4 - CMEMS downscaled wave operational forecast system

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
UPC

Publication Date:
11/2021

Executive Summary

This document explains in detail the set-up and implementation of two numerical high-resolution wave models for the Taranto and Barcelona test cases, as expected in the EuroSea work plan. Both models are state-of-the-art and have been carefully validated. The operating services resulting will be in the core of the OSPAC product, the main deliverable of WP5.2.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.4

D5.5 - Final version of the software running operationally for the demonstration

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
Nologin

Publication Date:
10/2021

Executive Summary

This report presents the features and the manual for the OSPAC service (Oceanographic Services for Ports and Cities), within the framework of the EuroSea project (funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program, Grant Agreement 862626). OSPAC encloses a one-stop shop of met-ocean indicators and tools for the management and decision support at harbours and coastal cities. This deliverable presents its already implemented applications: (i) real time monitoring; (ii) met-ocean forecasts; (iii) warning system, (iv) floating debris; joint with the User and Administrator manuals for OSPAC.

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[1] http://www.ospac.es

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.5

D5.6 - Documentation associated to the capacity building

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
NOC

Publication Date:
08/2023

Executive Summary

WP5’s Coastal Resilience and Operational Services demonstrator aimed to deliver capacity-building work in a developing country (Colombia) to enable local stakeholders to install a state-of-the-art sea level monitoring system independently.  In practice, the WP5 team met this objective and has additionally delivered capacity-building work in tide gauge installation in 2 other countries (Spain and Italy), in order to support the longevity of the EuroSea tide gauge systems. As planned, training material was delivered in relation to the maintenance of these systems in all 3 locations. All installation procedures were fully-documented to support the tide gauge operators in case the systems are to be relocated, refurbished or decommissioned at a future data (for example, in the event of port redevelopment works).

Training in the use of quality control software and the OSPAC (Operational Services at the Service of Ports and Cities) tool is planned (but pending) and this deliverable will be updated once that work is complete.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.6

D5.7 - Automated tide gauge data quality control software and report

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
NOC

Publication Date:
08/2023

Executive Summary

The WP5 Coastal Resilience and Operational Services demonstrator aims to design and deploy innovative sea level monitoring systems, integrating their observations with downscaled model forecasts into an alert-based monitoring and forecasting tool (OSPAC) that is design for use by ports and local authorities. As part of this data integration process, sea level observations must be quality-controlled in near real-time, to minimise the risk of false alarms. This has historically been achieved using an established open-source software package (SELENE). Recent progress using automatic quality control (QC) in delayed mode has led to the  development of additional functionality that could enhance the SELENE software. At the same time, the delivery of new sea level time series from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), provides an additional means of data validation. WP5 aims to enhance the SELENE software by incorporating these enhancements and new data feeds, thereby improving the quality of the OSPAC tool.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.7

D5.8 - Mediterranean trend and acceleration sea-level esti-mates (reduced uncertainty, recalculation toolbox)

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
NOC

Publication Date:

Executive Summary

Past sea-level changes in the Mediterranean Sea are highly non-uniform and can deviatesignificantly from both the global average sea-level rise and changes in the nearby Atlantic. Understanding thecauses of this spatial non-uniformity is crucial to the success of coastal adaptation strategies. This, however,remains a challenge owing to the lack of long sea-level records in the Mediterranean. Previous studies haveaddressed this challenge by reconstructing past sea levels through objective analysis of sea-level observations.Such reconstructions have enabled significant progress toward quantifying sea-level changes, however, theyhave difficulty capturing long-term changes and provide little insight into the causes of the changes.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019061

D5.9 - Operational monitoring systems available at the three sites

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
NOC

Publication Date:
08/2023

Executive Summary

Tide gauges can capture sea level variability on multiple timescales, from high frequency events like waves, tides and tsunamis, to seasonal and interannual changes and the longer-term trends associated with Climate Change. However, financial constraints dictate that they are often maintained to lower standards than the stringent accuracy requirements demanded by the IOC-UNESCO’s Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) for monitoring sea level rise. In addition, a sparsity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers at the coast means that there are large uncertainties in rates of land motion at tide gauges, which also hampers the estimation of long-term sea level trends.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.9

D5.10 - Final report describing the demonstration and the user feedback at European sites

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
Puertos del Estado

Publication Date:
12/2023

Executive Summary

The development and implementation of the OSPAC (Oceanographic Services for Ports and Cities) demonstrator in EuroSea Task 5.2 exemplifies the commitment to European innovation and integration of ocean observations and forecasts, facilitating a seamless connection between scientific advancements and the practical needs of end-users. The task combines the deployment of novel measurement equipment, advanced high-resolution coastal forecasts, and the design of tailored downstream services to address the specific requirements of port managers and urban planners, fostering efficient and informed decision-making in both maritime and city planning domains.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.10

D5.11 - Scientific model validation report during the demonstration period

Work Package:
WP5

Lead Beneficary:
Puertos del Estado

Publication Date:
12/2023

Executive Summary

The skills assessment of high-resolution coastal models developed within the OSPAC (Oceanographic Services for Ports and Cities) demonstrator for Barcelona and Taranto pilot sites has shown positive performance during the August-December 2023 demonstration phase. Comparisons with observational data from new sensors and permanent stations, operationally integrated in OSPAC tool during that period, as well as offline validation exercises from earlier data periods, validate the models’ accuracy. The GNSS-IR technique, utilizing both low-cost and high-precision GNSS sensors, demonstrated its potential for providing significant wave height values at the coast.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d5.11

D6.1 - Connections between “Extreme Marine Events” and Biological EOVs Report

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
07/2022

Executive Summary

This is Deliverable 6.1 Report on the connections between “Extreme Marine Events” and Biological EOVs. Evolving Extreme Marine Events linked to climate change can cause adverse effects on the marine environment. Such Extreme Marine Events are of major concern from both the economical (e.g., fisheries and aquaculture) and ecological (environmental preservation) points of view. The objective of this report is to provide a description and examples of the links between the occurrence of a selection of Extreme Marine Events (increased sea temperatures / marine heatwaves, deoxygenation and acidification) and the impacts they have on the marine biota. A literature review and some case studies from EuroSea target regions are presented, in which physical or chemical data describing Extreme Marine Events are overlaid with biological data.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.1

D6.2 - Demonstration of annual/quarterly assessments and description of the production systemDemonstration of annual/quarterly assessments and description of the production systemDemonstration of annual/quarterly assessments and description of the production system

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
TalTech

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

Historically, the coordination of operational oceanography and the environmental health monitoring activities in the same sea area has been misaligned and fragmented, e.g., the Baltic Operational Oceanographic System (BOOS) and the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) in the Baltic Sea area. In this case, HELCOM assessments are produced with some delay and, generally, do not contain all available near-real time data, while operational products would benefit from the timely delivery of ocean health data that has been not agreed upon previously in the context of operational oceanography.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.2

D6.3 - Best Practice on creating “Extreme Marine Events” Hazard maps & forecasts Report

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
02/2023

Executive Summary

This report presents steps for the design and implementation of a marine observatory providing current and forecasted oceanic conditions relevant to the aquaculture sector, with particular focus on “Extreme Marine Events”. Examples of successful implementation of these guidelines in the framework of the EuroSea project are presented for two aquaculture sites: Deenish Island in Ireland and El Campello in Spain. The process starts with stakeholder interaction to understand their main needs and concerns and is followed by the design of the software architecture that carries out the data acquisition, postprocessing and visualisation in an open-access web platform. User feedback is of paramount importance during the whole process to ensure the services offered match the needs of the aquaculture sector.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.3

D6.4 - Linking oceanographic products to fisheries advice

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
CSIC

Publication Date:
11/2023

Executive Summary

This report focuses on encouraging usage of Copernicus Marine Service products by fisheries users and scientists, and consists of a number of key studies where numerous EuroSea activities support the uptakes of Copernicus Marine Service data products, focusing on Atlantic mackerel, European hake and Atlantic tuna.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.4

D6.5 - Sustainability and Business Plan Report

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

This deliverable outlines the sustainability and business plan of the Key Exploitable Result (KER) identified in WP6 with the most potential for commercialisation. The report includes a summary of the KER Solution for marine sensors to measure and forecast oxygen, heat and pH related Extreme Marine Events onsite for aquaculture – monitoring system for extreme marine events at aquaculture sites (WP6), a market analysis in terms of the market size and value, target market, competition, market needs that are being addressed as a result of the co-development process. Information is provided on agreements arranged to continue the service in the demonstrator post project with the creation of MOUs between industry partners and a service level agreement with the cloud provider EGI foundation.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.5

D6.6 - Assessment of the benefits of the BOOS-HELCOM integrated system and recommendations for transfer this to other sea areas

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
TalTech

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

EuroSea Task 6.3 aims at integrating efforts from the BOOS and HELCOM monitoring networks, resulting in a more fit-for-purpose operational oceanography system and enhanced environmental assessments in the Baltic Sea. The following steps were implemented in the EuroSea project and reported in deliverable D6.2 (“Demonstration of annual/quarterly assessments and description of the production system”):

  • timeliness (latency) of ship data delivery according to operational oceanography requirements was promoted in HELCOM;
  • interim reanalysis by assimilating both BOOS and HELCOM data for a selected period was conducted;
  • indicator assessments based on integrated products for the selected period were produced for both eutrophication status and marine extreme events.

The present report summarises demonstrated benefit from integrating BOOS and HELCOM observations with CMEMS observations, including:

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.6

D6.7 - Real-time data to central server with display to stakeholders

Work Package:
WP6

Lead Beneficary:
Aanderaa XYLEM

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

This report “Real-time data to central server with display to stakeholders” describes the deployment of two monitoring stations at the aquaculture facilities at Deenish Island (Ireland) and El Campello (Spain), and how the real-time data is distributed to the different stakeholders in the aquaculture industry and the scientific community. The document is structured as follows. First, the background information is presented in the ‘Introduction’. Then, the equipment deployed at Deenish Island and El Campello is described in the ‘Ocean Demonstrator Deployments’ section. Finally, the different ways in which the real-time data is delivered to the stakeholders are presented in the last section ‘Data Delivery to Server’.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d6.7

D7.1 - Report on demo mission and dissemination pathways of obtained data

Work Package:
WP7

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

This report presents the first results of work package 7 (Task 7.3) on “Report on demo mission and dissemination pathways of obtained data based on different observational platforms”.

In order to improve our understanding of the ocean’s role in the Earth’s climate change, and to assess long- term changes in the oceanic carbon cycle, sustained high-quality in situ measurements are needed. Due to its peculiar geographical position, the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean is impacted by multiple coupled climate changes, varying over numerous timescales, and impacting surrounding areas (Foltz et al., 2019). Thus, changes occurring in this region impact the global ocean as it is connected to the Southern and Northern branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Task 7.3 aims to develop indicators for carbon flux observations in this region based on the improvement of existing components and on the deployment of new observing tools.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.1

D7.2 - Development of BGC- Argo data quality validation based on an integrative multi- platform approach

Work Package:
WP7

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
11/2022

Executive Summary

This report presents the results of Task 7.3 on “Development of BGC-Argo data quality validation based on an integrative multiplatform approach”. Observing changes in ocean conditions on the spatiotemporal scales necessary to constrain carbon uptake is a challenge. Defined as an Essential Ocean Variable (EOV) by the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS, e.g., Tanhua et al., 2019), pH is relevant to assess numerous crucial questions regarding the oceanic evolution in response to the current global changes. However, the large spatiotemporal variability of this carbonate system parameter requires sustained observations to decipher trends and punctual events.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.2

D7.3 - Estimate of magnitude and drivers of regional carbon variability for both regions

Work Package:
WP7

Lead Beneficary:
CNRS

Publication Date:
12/2022

Executive Summary

This deliverable provides an overview of EuroSea outcomes related to interior ocean carbon variability in deep convection areas in order to assess the linkage of these processes for the use in national climate action (NCA) plans delivered in the framework of the Paris Agreement. In summary, large-scale connectivity in the ocean does not allow clear delineation of patterns of regional carbon uptake across national boundaries, limiting an assessment of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) in light of NCA plans. This problem becomes already clear by a simple scale estimation: considering sluggish, open ocean (away from continental boundaries) advection speeds of 2 cm/s result in a “relocation” of any water parcel by roughly 630 km per year (or 3150 km in 5 years Paris Agreement carbon auditing period) and crossing national borders easily.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.3

D7.4 - Skills of the user- relevant ocean indicators

Work Package:
WP7

Lead Beneficary:
CMCC/ECMWF

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

Predictions of anomalous seasonal conditions provide industries and society time to manage resources and mitigate against ecological and economic damage. Seasonal forecasts of the physical environment are freely available and employed by many users, but traditionally the focus has been on land-based or atmospheric variables. Given the importance that ocean conservation and the Blue Economy has to societies across the world, the uptake of seasonal forecasts of marine variables will be crucial for the sustainable use of the marine environment. Through this deliverable, EuroSea aims to increase the validation, provision and, eventually, the uptake of seasonal forecasts of the marine environment.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.4

D7.5 - Economic benefit of regional ocean carbon uptake

Work Package:
WP7

Lead Beneficary:
IFW

Publication Date:
03/2023

Executive Summary

Currently, the ocean carbon sink annually removes about a third of anthropogenic fossil fuel and industrial CO2 emissions, reducing therefore climate change damages and CO2 abatement costs. While the land sinks have entered climate policies, the ocean sink has not—for good reasons since the former stores carbon within the boundaries of a state while the ocean removes carbon from the atmosphere rather in its property as a global common. However, the question remains what is the value of the ocean carbon sink and should it be differently attributed when comparing a coastal state with a large exclusive economic zone (EEZ) compared to landlocked state.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.5

D7.6 - Integration of in situ and satellite multi-platform data (estimation of carbon flux for trop. Atlantic)

Work Package:
WP7

Lead Beneficary:
SU

Publication Date:
03/2023

Executive Summary

This report presents the results of task 7.3 on “Quantification of improvements in carbon flux data for the tropical Atlantic based on the multi-platform and neural network approach”. To better constrain changes in the ocean’s capture and sequestration of CO2 emitted by human activities, in situ measurements are needed. Tropical regions are considered to be mostly sources of CO2 to the atmosphere due to specific circulation features, with large interannual variability mainly controlled by physical drivers (Padin et al., 2010). The tropical Atlantic is the second largest source, after the tropical Pacific, of CO2 to the atmosphere (Landschützer et al., 2014). However, it is not a homogeneous zone, as it is affected by many physical and biogeochemical processes that vary on many time scales and affect surrounding areas (Foltz et al., 2019).

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.6

D8.1 - Communication Plan

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
EUROGOOS RBINS GEOMAR

Publication Date:
04/2020

Executive Summary

The EuroSea Communication Plan outlines the main communication objectives, messages, audiences, and tools of the EuroSea project. To achieve the EuroSea vision to advance research and innovation towards a user-focused, truly interdisciplinary, and responsive European ocean observing and forecasting system, cooperation between different types of stakeholders is essential. As the ultimate objective is to deliver the essential information that is needed for human wellbeing and safety, sustainable development, and blue economy in a changing world, communication with and dissemination to all stakeholders both within and outside the project ensures fit-for-purpose results.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.1

D8.2 - Updated Dissemination and Exploitation plan

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
EuroGOOS

Publication Date:
10/2020

Executive Summary

EuroSea is an innovation action and therefore the project aims to respond quickly and optimally to the evolving conditions. According to the Oxford English dictionary, ‘innovation is the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something’.

The first year of the EuroSea operations has seen an astounding chain of unprecedented conditions. The global pandemic has frozen or significantly delayed many project’s plans, particularly in relation to dissemination activities.

This project deliverable seeks to set out a new vision for the EuroSea dissemination and engagement, needed for an adequate and durable exploitation of the project’s results. It reviews the lessons learnt and makes some recommendations on how to adapt to the ‘new way of working’ caused by the ongoing pandemic and its impacts.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.2

D8.3 - Lessons learnt on science-policy interfaces

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
EuroGOOS

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

Science–policy interfaces are defined as social processes which encompass relations between scientists and other actors in the policy process, and which allow for exchanges, co-evolution, and joint construction of knowledge with the aim of enriching decision-making (Van de Hove, 2007). EuroSea has engaged with public authorities, industry, and inter-governmental bodies to demonstrate the capacity of the European ocean observing and forecasting system to meet user demands and serve society. Ocean observing and forecasting are not merely science-supporting activities but also science areas in their own right including a range of issues from technological to research, governance, ethical, and diplomatic. Predominantly funded at national level and for national needs, ocean observing and forecasting require European and global integration and support in order to fully harness the power of ocean knowledge and information.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.3

D8.4 - Project exploitation strategy

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
10/2021

Executive Summary

This document outlines the strategy to exploit the results generated in the EuroSea project. It provide an update on and expands on the initial dissemination and exploitation plan that was developed at the proposal phase, where several expected results were identified and were categorised into commercially and non-commercially exploitable results. This report identifies all of the main project results of EuroSea and are listed in the tables in Section 5. The tables include a description of the result, the intentions for exploitation and users and the status of the result. The strategy then focusses on four Key Exploitable Results (KERs) with potential for commercialisation, in Section 6. The four KERs are:

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D8.5 - Lessons learnt from the EuroSea public engagement activities

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
SOCIB

Publication Date:
07/2023

Executive Summary

The overall goal of this report is to analyse the EuroSea itinerant exhibition as a case study of public engagement activity. Aimed at the general public, this modular and itinerant exhibition raises awareness about the EuroSea project while also promoting ocean literacy and highlighting the importance of ocean observing and forecasting.

Public engagement plays a crucial role in Horizon 2020, the EU’s research and innovation funding program. It aims to bridge the gap between researchers and society, ensuring that their work is aligned with societal needs and values. This involves bringing together various stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, industry representatives, civil society organizations, NGOs, and citizens, to foster inclusive and transparent dialogue.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.5

D8.6 - Report on economic value of ocean observations

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
10/2022

Executive Summary

This study sets out to assess the economic value of ocean observations in qualitative terms. The study aims to examine the perspective of selected co-developers and end users on the impact of the EuroSea Key Exploitable Results (KERs) on them. While efforts were made to collect quantitative data on the economic impact of the results on the users, this report uses a focussed case study approach to qualitatively assess the value of the demonstration products and services for the co-developers and users. The report focusses on the main demonstration products and services with potential for commercialisation in EuroSea that were identified in the exploitation strategy. These include:

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.6

D8.7 - Lessons learnt on public-private interfaces

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
ISPRA

Publication Date:
02/2023

Executive Summary

Improving ocean observing and forecasting systems to tackle the societal challenges related to ocean health, climate change, mitigation of natural risks, and development of blue growth is possible only if the research community and private actors in the maritime sectors team up to jointly find new and more effective solutions. An active and beneficial collaboration between marine scientists and innovative technologies manufactures and developers is ongoing in the H2020 EuroSea project whose elaboration of new knowledge and products is shared with private and public end-users and stakeholders. The opinions used for the preparation of this document were obtained during face-to-face interviews conducted during the EuroSea Annual Meeting. They highlight the different aspects of the ongoing project interactions, its general benefits and the expected project legacy.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.7

D8.8 - Business plan for EuroSea demonstrators

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
MI

Publication Date:
05/2023

Executive Summary

This deliverable outlines the business plans for four of the Key Exploitable results that were identified as those with the most potential for commercialisation. This involves using the commercially exploitable results identified in the final exploitation strategy report and developing a roadmap to market for them. The report includes a market analysis in terms of the market size and value, target market, competition, market needs that are being addressed as a result of the co-development process.

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D8.9 - EuroSea recommendations on RRI in OO

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
ISPRA

Publication Date:
07/2023

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project is improving the coordination of the European ocean observing and forecasting system to strengthen its capability of tacking the societal challenges related to ocean health, climate change, mitigation of ocean-related natural hazards, and the sustainable exploitation of marine ecosystem services in the Blue Economy.

The scientific excellence of the project is based on its better integration, assimilation, coordination and governance of methods, practices, and instruments to collect fit-for-purpose ocean data and the development of innovative tools and solutions to manage some natural coastal risks and support more efficiently fisheries and aquaculture.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.9

D8.10 - Best practice in the visualization of the ocean’s societal relevance and economic role

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
SOCIB

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

The purpose of this report is to provide a compilation of the communication and dissemination activities in EuroSea. It also proposes, as a guide, some guidelines and considerations to be included in the Communication and Dissemination Strategy in European projects.

Dissemination and communication activities are essential for the success of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme, and the EuroSea project is no exception. The project has focused on improving ocean observing and forecasting for a sustainable ocean, and effective communication has been a crucial element in bringing together the interest groups, ensuring all stakeholders are to work towards the common goal of sustainable, science-based ocean management, as well as promoting and fostering public understanding of the importance and value of the ocean and its crucial role in climate change.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.10

D8.11 - Recommendations on engaging with the next generation of stakeholders

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
11/2023

Executive Summary

This report provides an overview of EuroSea’s initiatives focused on engaging the next generation of ocean observing and forecasting stakeholders. Many activities took place, including delivering workshops, presenting the EuroSea itinerant exhibition, collaborating with the WASCAL Floating University and the SEAEU inter-university initiative, supporting the international Ocean Observers Initiative, and much more.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.11

D8.12 - EuroSea Legacy Report

Work Package:
WP8

Lead Beneficary:
EuroGOOS

Publication Date:
11/2023

Executive Summary

EuroSea is a holistic large-scale project encompassing the full value chain of marine knowledge, from observations to modelling and forecasting and to user-focused services. This report summarizes the legacy of EuroSea as planned and measured through a dedicated impact monitoring protocol, a holistic assessment of the project’s successes in advancing and integrating European ocean observing and forecasting systems.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d8.12

D9.1 - Action Progress Report #1

Work Package:
WP9

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
12/2020

Executive Summary

Although the Ocean is a fundamental part of the global system providing a wealth of resources, there are fundamental gaps in ocean observing and forecasting systems, limiting our capacity in Europe to sustainably manage the ocean and its resources. Ocean observing is “big science” and cannot be solved by individual nations; it is necessary to ensure high-level integration for coordinated observations of the ocean that can be sustained in the long term. For Europe, EuroSea will point the way for the current and future cooperation between science and industry, politics and the public with the common goal of a sustainable blue economy and the responsible handling of the sensitive marine ecosystems. The project will make a significant contribution to not only generating, processing and linking information about our oceans, but also to make long-term and extensive use of this and the resulting knowledge in a wide variety of areas. As a link between sectors and disciplines, EuroSea faces a very big challenge.

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Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d9.1

D9.2 - Action Progress Report #2

Work Package:
WP9

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
04/2022

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project has been running for about 2.5 years by the writing of this report, a bit past the halfway point of the project. This report covers months 15 – 30 of the action, i.e. a good portion of the mid-term period of EuroSea. Since the last action progress report (December 2020), EuroSea has made a lot of progress in all work packages and, although we see some delays, mostly related to the COVID-19 pandemic and related issues, these are not affecting the project much and could all be mitigated. The progress of the WPs is summarized below, and is described in more detail in the main part of this report. As an innovation action, EuroSea is keeping a close eye on creating impact and on creating services and products that will last past the lifetime of the project. There is no single big-item ticket that the project is focusing on, but progress along many lines from the international coordination, over design to improved forecasting. In addition, EuroSea has produced a number of targeted services and products for ocean health, operational services and climate, and more products are scheduled to be ready by the end of the project.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d9.2

D9.3 - Ocean Observing Needs

Work Package:
WP9

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
09/2023

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project was constructed around the ocean observing value chain. Just as intended, the value chain concept is a useful prism for designing the ocean observing and forecasting system, or, indeed, a project like EuroSea that set out to improve just this system. Indeed, several projects in the past have successfully used the value chain for this purpose, for example the AtlantOS EU-funded project or the TPOS 2020 project. In this report we summarize some of the main take home messages from EuroSea on the technical innovation and data management needs for the European Ocean Observing and Forecasting System. This report does not set out to summarize EuroSea outputs or impacts, but rather look forward on what we still have to accomplish. We do so, using the prism of the ocean observing value chain, and articulate needs in the areas of governance and coordination, design, network integration and, finally, data integration, assimilation and forecasting. This report is not a detailed list of immediate needs and next steps, but rather a compilation of the broader technical needs for the observing and forecasting system and is meant as a broad guide to the community and possibly to funders of a possible path forward.

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d9.3

D9.4 - Action Progress Report #3

Work Package:
WP9

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
10/2023

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project has been running for 4 years by the writing of this report, and this report covers months 33-48 of the action at a time when most tasks are completed and deliverables submitted. However, a few items still need to be finalized as we have experienced delays for a few items, mostly due to COVID, or Brexit, but we expect all of those to be solved before the end of the project by the end of 2023. The progress of the WPs is summarized below, and is described in more detail in the main part of this report. As an innovation action, EuroSea is keeping a close eye on creating impact and on creating services and products that will last past the lifetime of the project. Therefore, we would like to emphasis the registry of impacts that is published on the EuroSea website1 . These about 100 areas illustrate the impact that EuroSea has had on improving the European ocean observing and forecasting system. EuroSea has produced a number of targeted services and products for ocean health, operational services and climate, that are tested and used by the stakeholders

Deliverable Report https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d9.4

D10.1 - Ethics requirements (NEC – Requirement No. 2)

Work Package:
WP10

Lead Beneficary:
GEOMAR

Publication Date:
02/2020

Executive Summary

The EuroSea project aims to advance research and innovation towards a user-focused, truly interdisciplinary, and responsive European Ocean Observing and Forecasting System. However, the most of the ocean is international waters and the water is constantly moving from one EEZ to another and from international waters to national waters. EuroSea is well aware of the need to improve the ocean observing and forecasting system also in countries outside of Europe. In this deliverable we demonstrate that fair benefit-sharing arrangements with stakeholders from low and lower-middle income countries are ensured. In particular, EuroSea is cooperating with Colombia. The details of this cooperation and possible implications for this country and for the project are discussed.